GARY C. HART ABSTRACT The design of masonry structures in high seismic areas requires a special design approach that directly incorporates strength and ductility considerations. This paper addresses both of these as...

Binda L. ABSTRACT Restoration of heritage masonry buildings has been in the past until the sixties a job for few experts. The damage to historic buildings due to the last earthquakes, their...

G.T. SUTER ABSTRACT The paper presents an overview of the key factors which must be controlled to achieve adequate masonry durability. These factors include material selection, design detailing appropiate to a project’s...

MICHAEL BRUNEAU INTRODUCTION Normally, one would not associate “masonry construction” with “Japan”. Indeed, the author has frequently heard from Japanese colleagues that masonry construction does not exist in Japan. While this may...

ZHEN FANG YUAN AND WEN XIN QIN ABSTRACT The staggered floor brick residential building confined by reinforced concrete members is a new type of building structure. We designed a nine floor residential...

ABDEL SAYEM S. MAHMOUD, AHMAD A. HAMID AND SHERIF ABO EL MAGD ABSTRACT There is a lack of understanding of the behavior of unreinforced masonry shear walls. This is attributed to the...

AHMAD A. HAMID AND GOUDA M. GHANEM ABSTRACT The ” Theory” concrete block sysmte utilizes recessed channels in the face shells and webs of the units to provide mechanical interlocking at the...

W. MARK MCGINLEY ABSTRACT In the past few years there has been increased interest in dry stacked masonry wall systems since, potentially, dry stacked systems offer a significant cost savings over conventional...

ROBERT G. DRYSDALE AND PING GUO ABSTRACT A dry-stacking, interlocking type of block, known by the trade name of sparlock, was tested to determine loadbearing properties for axial compression and out-of-plane bending...

M.M. KHATTAB, R.G. DRYSDALE AND H.J. RERUP ABSTRACT An experimental program was conducted to investigate the structural behavior of a dry stacked surface bonded Durisol block wall system. The Durisol block is...

WILLIAM (‘BILL’) B CRANSTON ABSTRACT A series of deformation controlled tests on laterally loaded dry-stack walls without infill is described. Contrary to some expectations, the walls resisted substantial loads, and returned almost...

MARIBETH S. BRADFIELD, P.E. ABSTRACT This paper reviews the impact of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) and illuminating Engineering Society (IES) Energy efficiency standard on new, non-residential,...

JOHN C. HAYSOM, MICHAEL LACROIZ, MICHAEL C. SWINTON ABSTRACT The paper describes the fundamental considerations that are shaping the two new energy codes that will be published by the National Research Council...

J.W. GAJDA AND M.G. VAN GEEM ABSTRACT The U.S. energy Policy Act of 1992 mandated that the local energy codes for commercial buildings meet or exceed the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 90.1....

ARTHUR P. PAZIA ABSTRACT In masonry cavity walls, sprayed polyethylene foam (SPF) provides special benefits as an air barrier: permanence, resistance to air flow, structural soundness and continuity. SPF also delivers distinctive...

A.H. PAUL MAURENBRECHER AND SAMIR E. CHIDIAC ABSTRACT Major environmental factors in the durability of exterior walls are temperature and moisture. Temperature is the factor examines in this study. Thermal movements can...

DUKIZE, A. AND DAWE, J.L. ABSTRACT Since excessive and uncontrolled lateral displacements can create severe structural damage in high-rise buildings, lateral drifts have been codified in various building codes. The present study...

GOUDA GHANEM ABSTRACT In order to implement reinforced masonry as a cost-efficient building in Egypt, Design Code and Standard Specification for masonry should be developed. This requires long-term research effort in this...

P.GUO, P. DI LULLO AND B. CHARNISH ABSTRACT The three dimensional dynamic analysis of a 18 storey steel masonry composite downtown heritage building is described. This analysis is used as an example...

WenXin Qin and ZhenFang Yuan ABSTRACT In this paper the Liapunov stability of motion theory is introduced to the structural dynamic analysis. The analytic procedure of stability for nonlinear seismic analysis is...

K.S. IBRAHIM AND G.T. SUTER ABSTRACT Analytical and experimentally based models are needed to predict the behaviour of reinforced masonry buildings under different complex states of stress and to assess the behavioral...

GIORGIO FRUNZIO, VINCENZO MALLARDO AND MICHELA MONACO ABSTRACT Although masonry has been widely used as building material for centuries, its behaviour is not still not completely understood. Mechanical models developed for homogeneous...

FRANCESCO MAROTTI DE SCIARRA AND MICHELA MONACO ABSTRACT Three different constitutive models for the overall behaviour of masonry are presented. The no-tension model, the elastoplastic no tension one and the damage behaviour...

R. WANG, A.E. ELWI, AND HATZINIKOLAS ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of the second phase of an ongoing investigation into the behaviour of cavity masonry walls constructed with concrete block, brick...

Kang-Ho Oh, Harry G. Harris and Ahmad A. Hamid ABSTRACT The behavior of interlocking mortarless masonry under compressive loads is studied by directly comparing experimental and analytical results. The techniques used to...

AYMAN A. MAKSOUD AND ROBERT G. DRYSDALE ABSTRACT The capacities of slender concrete block walls under sustained eccentric axial loads were investigated using the finite element method. The finite element model accounts...

A.J. Valsangkar, J.L. Dawe and C.K. Seah ABSTRACT Existing manuals for the design of geosynthetic- reinforced soil retaining walls with segmental concrete facing are based on the working stress design method. Recently,...

M.A. Hatzinikolas, P.Eng ABSTRACT Exterior wall assemblies in severe environments pose special problems and require unique solutions. The assemblies are affected by the speed of construction, the choice of structural systems, the...

H. KELLER, P.ENG AND S. LAVIOLETTE, P.ENG. ABSTRACT The paper deals with the results of a 12-month monitoring program of massive sandstone masonry walls in a heritage structure in Ottawa. Measurements included...

M.L. THOMSON, G.T. SUTER AND L. FONTAINE ABSTRACT Freeze-thaw durability of mortars was evaluated using a unidirectional freeze-thaw cycling cabinet. Mortars were first evaluated in prism specimens then as mortar bedded in...

DAVID L. SCOTT ABSTRACT Case studies are presented to establish why some conventional masonry wall systems fail when exposed to high humidity in cold climate. The condition of masonry, air/vapour barriers and...

SAMI M. FEREIG, HUSAIN AL-KHAIAT AND JAMAL AL-DUAIJ ABSTRACT In august 1990 Iraq invaded Kuwait and occupied the country for seven months. During this time many buildings were subjected to direct shelling...

E.A. GAZZOLA, R.G. DRYSDALE, V. ANTONIK AND R MCGRATH ABSTRACT With the recent approval of CSA Standard S304.1-1995 Masonry Design for Buildings, masonry joints the other major structural materials in Canada which...

ZHANG GUANFU, LIU YONGFENG AND LIU JIFEN ABSTRACT The application for hollow concrete blocks in the Shanghai area and an abstract of the “Design Code for Builidng of Hollow Concrete Blocks” are...

ADRIAN W. PAGE ABSTRACT Australia is not in a recognized earthquake zone, but does have a history of small to medium sized intraplate earthquakes.  Unreinforced masonry is a commonly used form of...

KHALED M. SAKR AND VERNON V. NEIS ABSTRACT This paper describes a simplified, but comprehensive, analysis technique for determining load deflection diagrams for double wythe unreinforced masonry walls. The new method is...

A. CORMEAU AND N.G. SHRIVE ABSTRACT The various strengths of masonry are currently determined from tests, with the results being specimen shape and size dependent. The strengths so determined therefore are not...

SHAOXI GONG AND CHENGXIA WU ABSTRACT The experimental results on six specimens of the perforated brick masonry walls supported on frames are given. The influence of height – span ratio Hw/Lo, beam-column...

SONGBO LI, A.N. FRIED AND J.J. ROBERTS ABSTRACT The results of a series of tests on reinforced concrete blockwork (RCB) beams carried out at the British Cement Association have been analyzed. Based...

ROBERT D. THOMAS, PHILLIP J. SAMBLANET AND MARK B. HOGAN ABSTRACT Current allowable tensile stress value were established in the 1960’s and were based on a limited amount of available test data....

STEPHEN J. LAWRENCE ABSTRACT The strength of masonry in out-of-plane horizontal flexure, with stresses parallel to the bed joints, is an important parameter in the design of walls for lateral loading. Stress...

ANDREW C. MIDDLETON AND ROBERT G. DRYSDALE ABSTRACT The test results for six full-scale concrete block walls subjected to uniformly distributed out-of-plane loading are reported. The walls had overall dimensions of 2.8×6.0...

TERRY MEYER BOAKE ABSTRACT Technical education, with respect to its content and methods of delivery, must constantly be reevaluated in an effort to meet the changing demands being made on it by...

TERRI MEYER BOAKE ABSTRACT Technical education, with respect to its content and methods of delivery, must constantly be reevaluated in an effort to meet the changing demands being made on it by...

CLAYFORD T. GRIMM. P.E. ABSTRACT These eleven cavity wall details illustrate some of the principles presented in the paper in this publication titled “Architectural Design of Masonry Cavity Walls.” These details were...

CLAYFORD T. GRIMM, P.E. ABSTRACT This paper is a continuation of the effort that was begun in the articles on “Architectural Design of Masonry Cavity Walls” and Masonry Cavity Wall Details” both...

PAUL G. GURLEY AND RUSELL H. BROWN ABSTRACT Reinforced masonry pilasters are often used in masonry construction to resist concentrated loads or to serve as vertical reaction beams for walls spanning horizontally....

C.K. SEAH AND J.L. DAWE ABSTRACT The micro-computer software developed herein is intended to relieve design engineers of laborious computations inevitable in the iterative masonry design process. Computations may be performed for...

CLAYFORD T. GRIMM, P.E. ABSTRACT For the past few years a task comittee of ASTM Comittee C15.05 has been developing a Standard Guide for Architectural Design of Masonry Cavity Walls. This paper...

CASE STUDIES OF BUILDING ENVELOPE SYSTEMS WITH BACKUP WALLS OF STEEL STUDS, CONCRETE MASONRY, AND CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE LINDA BROCK ABSTRACT The selection of the proper backup wall is often seen as the prerequisite...

JOHN CHRYSLER ABSTRACT The provision for veneer cladding has been in the Uniform Building Code (UBC) since the first edition, published in 1927. The concept of masonry veneer is simple, yet the...

JACQUES ROUSSEAU, HEINZ KELLER, AND STEVEN LAVIOLETTE ABSTRACT The widespread use of brick veneer/steel stud (BV/SS) wall systems over the last 20 years has preceded the development of adequate design and construction...

ERIC F.P. BURNETT AND JOHN F. STRAUBE ABSTRACT A number of publications have been produced and circulated that make design recommendations for the so-called pressure-equalized rainscreen (PER) portion of brick veneer wall...

JOHN P. SPEWEIK ABSTRACT The evolution of masonry mortar over the last 275 years in America has been very interesting. Inventions and discoveries over this time period, in both Europe and America,...

M.L. THOMSON AND S.J. BASTEN ABSTRACT The durability of mortar is dependent on its physical properties, as well as the environment to which it is exposed. Mortars taken from stone structures in...

CASPAR J.W.P. GROOT ABSTRACT The transport of water from mortar to brick, occurring immediately after bricklaying, may be approximated by modelling (i) the brick according to the Capillary Pressure Theory for Porous Solid...

G.T. SUTER, M.L. THOMSON AND L. FONTAINE ABSTRACT Over the past five years, a number of laboratory studies have been carried out to help define practical and durable mortars for the conservation...

JOHN M. MELANDER AND JOHN CONWAY ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the relationship between the bond strength of masonry assemblies and fabrication and curing techniques used to construct and condition test assemblies....

EDWARD M. LACIKA, ROBERT G. DRYSDALE ABSTRACT This paper reports on an investigation of the out-of-plane structural behaviour of slender prestressed (restrained tendon) brick walls. In particular, the interactions between slenderness, axial...

STEPHEN W. GARRITY ABSTRACT The consequences of two or three tendons becoming severely corroded in a prestressed masonry structure are likely to be more serious than if a few bars of a...

A.J. HOGESLAG EN D.R.W. MARTENS ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of an experimental and theoretical research on the possibilities of prefabricated facade elements in prestressed masonry. Deformation behaviour and flexural strength...

KELVIN J. GRAHAM AND ADRIAN W.PAGE ABSTRACT Prestressed single skin clay or concrete hollow masonry is being used in Australia for the construction of low rise buildings in high wind areas to...

M.I. SOLIMAN, A.H. HOSNY, S.M. KHALED AND M.M. KHATTAB ABSTRACT A total of 12 panels were tested to investigate the behaviour of concrete block masonry under concentrated loads in terms of the...

ROBERT J. BEINER ABSTRACT The International Masonry Institute (IMI) has developed and demonstrated a prototype of a new, electronically controlled mechanical device it is calling a Mechanically Assisted Mason’s Aid, or ”...

MICHAEL R. SHIRLAW, P.ENG. ABSTRACT The 1994 edition of CSA Standard A371, Masonry Construction for Buildings, is the third edition of this document since its introduction in 1980. The Technical Committee on Masonry...

HOWARD L. DROZ, AIA INTRODUCTION Quality dynamics starts with knowi1lg (1) what you want to build; (2) how to obtain materials; and (3) how to construct as intended. This can be achieved...

GARTH W. MILLER ABSTRACT To ensure that a masonry project is constructed in the most proficient manner, diligent inspection must be undertaken. Inspection takes the form of knowledgeable examination of the prepared drawings...

GINA P. CODY ABSTRACT Increasing attention is being focused on the durability of the materials forming cladding assemblies. This attention is a direct result of the very high costs now associated with the...

GERALD R. GENGE ABSTRACT The assessment of the needs for repair of masonry requires that the operational and financial needs of the owners of the building be addressed in addition to the...

H. KELLER, P.ENG. AND T.W.J. TRESTAIN, P.ENG ABSTRACT The paper describes the investigation and subsequent repair work carried out on the brick veneer/steel stud masonry walls of a highrise apartment building in...

SALLY THOMPSON, PETER HALSALL AND CHRIS LOVE ABSTRACT This paper describes the assessment of masonry deterioration and the repair program at three essentially identical buildings with walls constructed of 1TW brick. Each...

G.T. SUTER AND X.SONG ABSTRACT Selected properties of historic mortars and stone as well as mechanical properties of stone masonry under compressive, tensile and shear loadings are summarized in this paper. Read Full...

STEPHEN W.GARRITY ABSTRACT A simple test for measuring the tensile bond strength of the interface of composite masonry/concrete construction is described. The results of tests on sixty seven cores taken from four...

BECHARA E. ABBOOUD, XIN LU, AND IVAN J. BECICA ABSTRACT Although deformation is an important criterion in strength design procedures, only a limited number of experimental studies have been performed to evaluate...

R. WANG, A.E. ELWI, M.A. HATZINIKOLAS AND J.WARWARUK ABSTRACT This paper presents a full scale test program on reinforced slender shear connected cavity walls subjected to an axial compressive eccentric loading. In...

SCOT MCCAVOUR AND DAVID LAIRD ABSTRACT This paper discusses the design of a masonry veneer with a steel stud structural backing. The design requirements of C5A 5304.1-94 “Masonry Design for Buildings (Limit...

JOHN G. TAWRESEY, P.E. ABSTRACT For the past 15 years, a new system for installing brick on the exterior of buildings has been developing in the northwest United States. The system is...

ROBERT G. DRYSDALE AND MAGDY M. KHATTAB ABSTRACT Shrinkage strain data from tests of blocks from twenty-four block plants in Ontario shows that the majority of shrinkage occurs during later stages of...

M. SHOKRY RASHWAN AND SIMAAN M. ABOURIZK ABSTRACT An extensive study was conducted to evaluate the technical, economical and environmental viability of using grout made of recycled concrete blocks and clay brick....

PETER F. SMITH AND VERA. A STRAKA ABSTRACT Currently there is no concise source of information pertammg to the use of alternative fillers in concrete masonry units. This extends from a lack...

ARIE HUIZER AND ROBERT L. DAY ASBTRACT Pulverised coal fly-ash and non-returnable glass products have been combined to produce a masonry unit with properties that satisfied the SW (severe weather) rating as...

AMDE M. AMDE, JAMES COLVILLE AND MATHEW A. MILTENBERGER ABSTRACT An experimental program was performed to investigate ways of improving the bond strength of masonry mortars through the use polymer additives, so...

MICHAEL HOGAN ABSTRACT This paper addresses the generally neglected question of how a designer takes into account the possibility of a local structural failure. Can a local failure lead to progressive collapse?...

STEPHEN W. GARRITY AND PAUL H. GREGORY ABSTRACT Engineers are under increasing pressure to design new highway works with low operating costs and minimal environmental impact. As a result, attempts are being...

NORBERT SENF ABSTRACT Woodsmoke emissions are an increasing health concern in populated areas with certain geographical features. Site-built open fireplaces now face severe restrictions in a number ofjurisdictions. The author and colleague...

A.C.C. WARNOCK ABSTRACT This paper summarizes information on sound transmission through concrete blocks, unfinished or with gypsum board attached in various ways. The importance of block porosity and the depth of the cavity...

PAVLA MCGRATH AND MICHEL J. PERREAULT ABSTRACT Following a study of the 60 year old Canada Life Building in Toronto, Ontario, it was determined that the lack of insulation and relatively low...

MARIO J. CATANI, P.E., MAX L. PORTER, PHD, P.E, KENNETH G. BANKS ABSTRACT Generally, cavity wall ties and veneer anchors need to provide a high degree of stiffness perpendicular to the plane...

E.F.P. BURNETT, M.A. POSTMA ABSTRACT This paper documents a study to assess the likely performance of masonry ties in tensile pullout from day masonry. Four different proprietary ties were tested, namely a...

R.M. PACHOLOK, P.ENG. AND A.E. ELWI, P.ENG. ABSTRACT Composite walls are defined as multi-wythe walls in which the wythes are tied together by connectors, filled collar joints, bonding units, or other means...

JAMES COLVILLE, CLAYFORD T. GRIMM AND AMDE M. AMDE ABSTRACT Composite structural action can only be obtained in multiwythe masonry wall construction if the masonry wythes are adequately interconnected and full shear...

YAHAN SHONG AND FEI WANG ABSTRACT In this paper, the research work in the field of composite masonry are reviewed. The formulae of predicting load-carrying capacity of the composite masonry under horizontal...

JOHN CHRYSLER ABSTRACT The Unifom Building Code (UBC) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) contain criteria for prism testing methods to determine the strength properties of pre-construction, construction and in-place...

M. STEADMAN, R.G. DRYSDALE AND M.M. KHATTAB ABSTRACT Thirty-nine prisms were prepared and tested under uniaxial compression to investigate the effect of grout on the compressive strength of grouted concrete block masonry....

N.G. SHRIVE AND D. TILLEMAN ABSTRACT The apparatus for a comprehensive set of creep tests on clay masonry prisms is described. The apparatus was designed to be self-sufficient should components fail in...

R.C.DE VEKEY ABSTRACT In order to comment intelligently on the methods of test to be adopted as the reference methods for the CEN (European) standard on compression strength measurement for masonry, some...

G.G. ARIDRU AND J.L. DAWE ABSTRACT An evaluation of axial and flexural rigidities of concrete masonry walls is very important for calculations involving axial and ultimate moment capacities as well as lateral...

GIORGIO FRUNZIO CAMILLA D’ONOFRIO AND MICHELA MONACO ABSTRACT This paper is the final part of an experimental research program aimed at collecting information about the most used masonry stone in the Neapolitan...

BY R.C. DE VEKEY SUMMARY The flat jack is a flat flexible envelope which is filled with hydraulic fluid and can be pressurised using a pump and used to generate small movements...

ROMUALDO MONTAGNA ABSTRACT It is common knowledge that restoring a building involves not only the physical rebuilding of its parts, but also the identification and conservation of the peculiarities of each building...

JOHN SPRINGFIELD ABSTRACT Development of the Guideline on resistance to progressive collapse, an Ontario requirement for high rise residential buildings with in-suite natural gas supply, is summarized. Noteworthy is the requirement to...

J.E. LAWRYSHYN ABSTRACT To be able to grasp the essence of the present socio-economic problems facing most of the Former Soviet Union (FSU) countries, it is necessary to look at the political...

BY P. GUO AND R.G. DRYSDALE ABSTRACT A total of 166 grout specimens made using 4 types of moulds were tested in uniaxial and triaxial compression. Five lateral confining pressures ranging from...